中药治疗卒中后认知障碍疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的:评价中药治疗卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)的疗效与安全性。方法:计算机检索中国知网数据库,万方数据库,维普数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库,PubMed,The Cochrane library和ClinicalTrials.gov共7个数据库,纳入中药治疗PSCI的随机对照试验(RCT)。使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价,并对纳入研究进行描述性分析,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta定量分析。结果:共纳入16项RCT,1296例受试者,干预组649例,对照组647例。研究结果显示中药联合西药组和中药组干预在改善PSCI患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表,简易精神状态检查量表,Barthel指数评定量表,日常生活能力量表,中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表的评分上均优于西药组,且未见严重的不良反应。结论:中药在改善PSCI患者的认知功能水平方面具有潜在优势,对改善日常生活能力及神经功能缺损症状也有一定疗效,并未观察到严重不良事件。本文纳入研究的方法学质量不高,建议后续开展高质量的RCT来研究中药治疗PSCI的疗效和安全性,为该疾病的临床诊疗提供决策依据。     

Significance of peripheral eosinophilia for diagnosis of IgG4-related disease in subjects with elevated serum IgG4 levels

ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to assess the diagnostic utility of elevated serum IgG4 (sIgG4) concentration alone and in combination with peripheral eosinophilia (PE) for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).MethodsFrom the Mayo Clinic, Rochester electronic medical record database we identified 409 patients with above normal levels of sIgG4 (reference range 121–140 mg/dL) who had sIgG4 measured to differentiate IgG4-RD from another disease.ResultsAmong 409 patients with any elevation in sIgG4 levels, 129 (31.5%) had a definite diagnosis of IgG4-RD. The prevalence of PE increased with increasing sIgG4 levels and was more likely to be seen in subjects with IgG4-RD vs. non-IgG4-RD at ≥1X (n = 35/120, 29.2% vs. n = 23/258, 8.9%; p < 0.001), ≥2X (n = 23/64, 35.9% vs. n = 5/54,9.3%; p = 0.001) and ≥3X (n = 18/42, 42.9% vs. n = 0/9, 0%; p = 0.015) of sIgG4 upper limit of normal (ULN), respectively. After adjusting for gender and age, sIgG4 levels ≥ 2X ULN with PE as a predictor, had a higher positive predictive value in predicting IgG4-RD (72.2% vs. 65.9%) with an Area Under the Receiver Operatic Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.776, compared to sIgG4 ≥ 2X ULN without PE predictor (AUC = 0.74), p = 0.016. PE, sIgG4≥2X ULN, male gender, and age independently predicted the disease with odds ratio of 4.89 (95% CI:2.51–9.54), 3.78 (95% CI:2.27–6.28), 2.78 (95% CI:1.55–4.97), and 1.03 (95% CI:1.02–1.05), respectively.ConclusionEven in subjects in whom IgG4-RD is suspected, only a minority (∼30%) with elevated sIgG4 levels have IgG4-RD. sIgG4 by itself is more specific at higher levels, though never diagnostic. PE increases with increasing sIgG4 and adds diagnostic value at higher sIgG4 levels.     

In vitro evaluation of Capiox FX05 and RX05 oxygenators in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass circuits with varying venous reservoir and vacuum-assisted venous drainage levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic properties and microemboli capture associated with different vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) vacuum levels and venous reservoir levels in a neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Trials were conducted in 2 parallel circuits to compare the performance of Capiox Baby RX05 oxygenator with separate AF02 arterial filter to Capiox FX05 oxygenator with integrated arterial filter. Arterial cannula flow rate to the patient was held at 500 mL/min and temperature maintained at 32°C, while VAVD vacuum levels (0 mm Hg, −15 mm Hg, −30 mm Hg, −45 mm Hg, −60 mm Hg) and venous reservoir levels (50 mL, 200 mL) were evaluated in both oxygenators. Hemodynamic parameters measuring flow, pressure, and total hemodynamic energy were made in real time using a custom-made data acquisition system and Labview software. Nearly 10 cc bolus of air was injected into the venous line and gaseous microemboli detected using an Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier. Diverted blood flow via the arterial filter’s purge line and mean pressures increased with increasing VAVD levels (P < 0.01). Mean pressures were lower with lower venous reservoir levels and were greater in RX05 groups compared to FX05 (P < 0.01). Microemboli detected at the preoxygenator site increased with higher VAVD vacuum levels and lower venous reservoir levels (P < 0.01). The amount of microemboli captured by the FX05 oxygenator with integrated arterial filter was greater than by the RX05 oxygenator alone, although both oxygenators were able to clear microemboli before reaching the pseudo-patient.     

Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning of radiomics features could help distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Materials and MethodsEighty-nine patients with AIP (65 men, 24 women; mean age, 59.7 ± 13.9 [SD] years; range: 21–83 years) and 93 patients with PDAC (68 men, 25 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 12.3 [SD] years; range: 36–86 years) were retrospectively included. All patients had dedicated dual-phase pancreatic protocol CT between 2004 and 2018. Thin-slice images (0.75/0.5 mm thickness/increment) were compared with thick-slices images (3 or 5 mm thickness/increment). Pancreatic regions involved by PDAC or AIP (areas of enlargement, altered enhancement, effacement of pancreatic duct) as well as uninvolved parenchyma were segmented as three-dimensional volumes. Four hundred and thirty-one radiomics features were extracted and a random forest was used to distinguish AIP from PDAC. CT data of 60 AIP and 60 PDAC patients were used for training and those of 29 AIP and 33 PDAC independent patients were used for testing.ResultsThe pancreas was diffusely involved in 37 (37/89; 41.6%) patients with AIP and not diffusely in 52 (52/89; 58.4%) patients. Using machine learning, 95.2% (59/62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8–100%), 83.9% (52:67; 95% CI: 74.7–93.0%) and 77.4% (48/62; 95% CI: 67.0–87.8%) of the 62 test patients were correctly classified as either having PDAC or AIP with thin-slice venous phase, thin-slice arterial phase, and thick-slice venous phase CT, respectively. Three of the 29 patients with AIP (3/29; 10.3%) were incorrectly classified as having PDAC but all 33 patients with PDAC (33/33; 100%) were correctly classified with thin-slice venous phase with 89.7% sensitivity (26/29; 95% CI: 78.6–100%) and 100% specificity (33/33; 95% CI: 93–100%) for the diagnosis of AIP, 95.2% accuracy (59/62; 95% CI: 89.8–100%) and area under the curve of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936–1.0).ConclusionsRadiomic features help differentiate AIP from PDAC with an overall accuracy of 95.2%.     

针刺华佗夹脊穴和督脉穴对强直性脊柱炎患者血清中HMGB1和β-CTX水平及病情活动度的影响

目的:探讨与分析针刺华佗夹脊穴和督脉穴对强直性脊柱炎患者血清中HMGB1和β-CTX水平以及病情活动度的影响。方法:抽取2015年7月—2018年7月本院收治的100例确诊为强直性脊柱炎的患者,随机分为2组,对照组采用柳氮磺胺吡啶片口服治疗,研究组采用针刺督脉穴和华佗夹脊穴的方式进行治疗,每10天为1个疗程,3个疗程后比较两组患者治疗前后血清中HMGB1和β-CTX水平以及病情活动度的改善情况。结果:两组患者的病情活动度比较无明显差异(P>0.05),而接受不同治疗后,两组患者的病情活动度均有一定改善,并且研究组患者病情改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者β-CTX及HMGB1水平无明显区别(P>0.05),治疗后研究组β-CTX及HMGB1水平改善情况显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺华佗夹脊穴和督脉穴能够有效改善患者血清中HMGB1和β-CTX水平,较好改善患者的病情活动度,值得推广使用。     

补气养阴降糖饮联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的:观察补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病(气阴两虚证)的效果。方法:选取2018年4月至2019年10月北京市和平里医院收治的老年2型糖尿病(气阴两虚证)患者84例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组42例。2组均予以基础治疗,对照组予以二甲双胍口服,观察组予以补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍治疗。比较2组治疗前后主症、次症及总评分、糖代谢水平、临床疗效、胰岛素抵抗指数水平及不良反应。结果:治疗后2组主症、次症及总评分,糖代谢水平、胰岛素抵抗指数水平均下降,且观察组较对照组降低的更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且不良反应均轻微。结论:对老年2型糖尿病气阴两虚证予以补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍可有效控制症状,改善糖代谢,增强临床疗效,减轻胰岛素抵抗,且安全。     

Patient Characteristics as Indicator for Care Dependence after Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health Insurance Claims Data From Germany

Objectives

Hip fractures are common consequences of falls in older adults and, among other negative health outcomes, often lead to care dependence in the long term. Until 2016, the German long-term care insurance classified care recipients according to a standardized classification system consisting of 3 care levels. It was based on required assistance in performing activities of daily living and assessed by a qualified physician or nurse. Thus, care level reflects the degree of care dependence. The aim of this study was to determine relevant patient characteristics, which are related to the likelihood of increasing care dependence in terms of worsening care level after hip fracture.